Reading and Resources
Understanding disparities
- US Department of Health and Human Services (HHS). Office of Disease Prevention and Health Promotion. Access to health services. https://health.gov/healthypeople/priority-areas/social-determinants-health/literature-summaries/access-health-services
- US HHS. Office of Disease Prevention and Health Promotion. Social determinants of health. https://health.gov/healthypeople/priority-areas/social-determinants-health
- National Institute on Minority Health and Health Disparities (NIMHD). https://www.nimhd.nih.gov/
- CDC. Advancing health equity: social determinants and vision loss. Vision and eye health. Published March 18, 2025. https://www.cdc.gov/vision-health/health-equity/index.html
Increasing diversity
- American Academy of Ophthalmology® (AAO). Meeting the needs of all our patients. https://www.aao.org/meeting-needs-of-all-patients
- NIMHD Research Framework | NIMHD. https://www.nimhd.nih.gov/resources/nimhd-research-framework
- All of Us Research Program. National Institutes of Health. Published 2025. https://allofus.nih.gov/
- AAO. IRIS Registry. https://www.aao.org/iris-registry
Mentoring
- AAO. VISION Mentoring for Ophthalmologists. https://www.aao.org/vision-mentoring-physicians
- The American Society of Retina Specialists (ASRS). Empowerment and opportunity mentoring program. https://www.asrs.org/sections/empowerment-and-opportunity/mentorship-program.
- Rabb Venable Ophthalmology Research Program. https://www.rabbvenable.com.Â
LGBTQ2+
- AAO. LGBTQ2+ and the Academy. https://www.aao.org/supportive-professional-community
- AAO. LGBTQ2+ ophthalmologists find support from Academy. Published June 17, 2022. https://www.aao.org/young-ophthalmologists/yo-info/article/lgbtq-ophthalmologists-find-support-from-academy
Gender
- ASRS. Women in Retina (WinR). https://www.asrs.org/sections/women-in-retina
- Association of University Professors of Ophthalmology. Women Professors of Ophthalmology. https://aupo.org/women-professors-ophthalmology
Clinical trials
- ASRS. Clinical trials. https://www.asrs.org/patients/clinical-trials
- VISION RELIEF. Find a clinical trial. https://vision-relief.com/find-a-clinical-trial/
- National Eye Institute. Learn about clinical trials. https://www.nei.nih.gov/research/clinical-trials/learn-about-clinical-trials
- US Food & Drug Administration (US FDA). Center for Drug Evaluation and Research. Enhancing participation in clinical trials — eligibility criteria, enrollment practices, and trial designs. Published December 15, 2025. https://www.fda.gov/regulatory-information/search-fda-guidance-documents/enhancing-participation-clinical-trials-eligibility-criteria-enrollment-practices-and-trial-designs
- US FDA. Drug Trials Snapshots. https://www.fda.gov/drugs/drug-approvals-and-databases/drug-trials-snapshots
- US Department of Health and Human Services. About research participation. https://www.hhs.gov/ohrp/education-and-outreach/about-research-participation/index.html
Patient education
- NIH. Talking with your doctor or health care provider. https://www.nih.gov/institutes-nih/nih-office-director/office-communications-public-liaison/clear-communication/talking-your-doctor
- Prevent Blindness. Your sight. Clinical trials for eye disease and vision. https://preventblindness.org/clinical-trials-for-eye-diseases-and-vision/
